What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Yamaha CR-1000

 The performance specifications of Yamaha's CR-1000 professional-class stereo receiver are distinguished i two ways; they are superb and, like all Yamaha stereo specifications, they are conservatively rated and guaranteed. This of course says a great deal about the kind of quality the audiophile should expect from this receiver; but it says even more about the company that would build it. By any standards, the CR-1000 is an important achievement. It is a combination of an outstanding FM tuner and an extremely low-distortion, high-power, versatile amplifier, both of which could stand by themselves as independent hi-fi components. (It does not include an AM tuner because the discriminating music lover would most likely prefer to be without it.) the unit features the world's first application of negative feedback to the FM tuner's multiplex switching circuit, resulting in very low harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion. Power is prodigious; RMS continuous output of 70 watts per channel into 8 ohms, both channels driven, at 0,1% THD over 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Because the FM tuner uses an elaborate 5-gang tuning capacitor, as well as a triple tuning circuit with dual-gated MOS-FET's, the quality of FM reception is at the highest level presently possible for a tuner of any cost. Which leads us to another significant facet of the CR-1000. with all its excellence, you shall discover its price to be surprisingly agreeable. This, by itself, makes the CR-1000 a most unique stereo proposition.
 FM Tuner Section Features:
Super-Sensitive FM Front End with Dual-gated MOS-FET's and Frequency-Linear 5-Gang Tuning Capacitor.
IC IF Amplifier with 7-stage Differential Amplifier and Six Ceramic Filters
A Yamaha Exclusive - Multiplex Demodulator with Negative Feedback-Applied Transistor Switching Circuit.
Yamaha-Exclusive Auto-Touch Tuning
Wide-Dynamic-Range Signal Strength Meter and Precise Center Meter.
Permanent Light-emitting Diode Indicators for Power, FM Stereo and AFC/Station.
Thump-free Switched, Double FM Muting with Muting Level Control.
Wide, Precise, Ultra-Smooth Tuning Dial.
300-Ω and 75-Ω Antenna Terminals
 Preamplifier Section Features:
Direct-Coupled Phono Equalizer.three-Stage Direct-Coupled, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion Tone Control and Filter Amplifiers.
Continuous Loudness Control
Specialized Microphone Amplifier for Mic Mixing.
Two Tape Record/Monitor Circuits with Dubbing.

Power Amplifier Features:
Direct-Coupled OCL Pure Complementary Power Amplifier
Two 10,000 Micro-Farad Power Supply Capacitors for High Power
Built-in Protection for Power Transistors and Speakers

Other Features:
Separable Preamplifier and Power Amplifier
Connects Two Pairs of Speaker Systems
Logical Front-Panel Control Arrangement; All Switches and Controls Have a Smooth, Firm, Professional Feel and are Arranged for Ease of Operation.
Two Phono Input Circuits, with Input Impedance Selector (100, 50 or 30 K Ω) for One
Four Convenient AC Outlets, Two Controlled by the Receiver's Power Switch
Two Large Grounding Terminals
Headphone Jack
Foolproof One-Touch Speaker Terminals
IF Output for 4-channel Capability
Multipath Output for Improved Antenna Setting.
Specifications
Audio Section
Power Output
Dynamic Power (IHF):  200 watts at 4 Ω; 200 watts at 8 Ω
Continuous RMS Power (each channel driven):
100/100 watts  at 1,000 Hz (4 Ω)
80/80 watts at 1,000 Hz (8 Ω)
Continuous RMS Power (both channel driven):
100/100 watts  at 1,000 Hz (4 Ω)
75/75 watts at 1,000 Hz (8 Ω)
Total Harmonic Distortion
Power Amplifier Only:  less than 0,1% at rated power (0,04% at 1 watt)
Preamplifier Only :
Phono to Pre-Out:    less than 0,1% at rated power
Aux to Pre-Out :  less than 0,02%  at rated power
Overall (Aux to Power Output):  less than 0,1% at rated power
Intermodulation Distortion (70 Hz : 7,000 Hz = 4:1 SMPTE method):
Power Amplifier Only (8 Ω):  less than 0,1% at rated power (0,05% at 1 watt)
Overall (Aux to Power Output):  less than 0,1% (8 Ω) at rated output
Power Bandwidth (IHF):  5 to 50,000 Hz (distortion 0,5% const.)
Frequency Response (at 1 watt):
Overall (Aux,Tape Pb to Power Output):  10 to 50,000 Hz +0,5 dB -1,0 dB
Overall (Mic to Power Output):  100 to 10,000 Hz +0,5 dB -6 dB
Power Amplifier Only:  10 to 100,00 Hz +0 dB -1 dB
Deviation from RIAA :  30 to 15,000 Hz ±0,2 dB
Load Impedance:  4 to 16 Ω
Damping Factor:  70 at 1,000 Hz
Channel Separation (at rateed power. 1 kHz)
Power Amplifier Only : 60 dB
Overall from Phono 1, 2 :  50 dB
Overall from Aux, Tape Pb :  50 dB
Overall from Mic :  50 dB
Hum and Noise (IHF, Closed Circuit A Network):
Overall from Phono 1, 2 :  better than 80 dB
Overall from Mic :  better than 70 dB
Overall from Aux, Tape Pb :  better than 90 dB
Power Amplifier Only :  better than 100 dB
Volume at Minimum :  better than 90 dB
Input Sensitivity / Impedance (at rated power, 1 kHz):
Phono 1 :  3 mV / 30 k Ω, 50 k Ω, 100 k Ω
Phono 2 :  3 mV / 50 k Ω
Phono 1, 2 Max. Input Capability:  280 mV (THD 0,1%)
Mic :  3 mV / 50 k Ω
Mic Max. Input Capability:  450 mV (THD 0,3%)
Aux 1, 2 :  150 mV / 40 k Ω
Tape Pb A, B :  150 mV / 40 k Ω
Power Amplifier Input:  775 mV / 40 k Ω
Output Level / Impedance (at rated Power, 1 kHz)
Tape Rec Out A, B :  150 mV ? 2 k Ω
Pre Out :  775 mV / 2 k Ω ; 3,000 mV (Max output THD 0,1%)
Tone Controls
Bass :  ±15 dB at 50 Hz
Treble :  ±10 dB at 10 kHz
Filters
Low :  -3 dB at 20 Hz , 70 Hz, (12 dB/oct)
High :  -3 dB at 6 kHz, 12 kHz (6 dB/oct)
Loudness Control (Volume at Minimum):  +10 dB at 100 Hz;  +5 dB at 10,000 Hz
FM Tuner Section
Tuning Range:  88 - 108 MHz
Sensitivity (Mono):
IHF :  1,7 µV
DIN (40 kHz Dev, S/N 26 dB) :  1,1 µV
Sensitivity (Stereo):
DIN (40 kHz Dev, S/N 46 dB) :  40 µV
Quieting Slope:  55 dB at 5 µV; 60 dB at 10 µV
Limiting Level (-3 dB):  1,1 µV
Image Frequency Rejection:  110 dB
IF Rejection:  110 dB
Spurious Response Rejection:  110 dB
AM Rejecton:  55 dB
Capture Ratio:  1 dB
Selectivity:  80 dB (IHF); 65 dB (DIN, 40 kHz Dev, ±300 kHz)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Mono):
IHF (75 kHz Dev) :  75 dB
DIN (40 kHz Dev) :  69 dB
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Stereo):
IHF (75 kHz Dev) :  72 dB
DIN (40 kHz Dev) :  66 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (Antenna Level; 1mV)
MONO
IHF (400 Hz; 75 kHz Dev) :  0,15%
DIN (1 kHz; 40 kHz Dev) :  0,15%
50 - 10,000 Hz
IHF (75 kHz Dev) :  0,30%
DIN (40 kHz Dev) :  0,30%
STEREO
IHF (400 Hz; 75 kHz Dev) :  0,30%
DIN (1 kHz; 40 kHz Dev) :  0,30%
50 - 10,000 Hz
IHF (75 kHz Dev) :  1,0%
DIN (40 kHz Dev) :  1,0%
Stereo Separation:
IHF (400 Hz; 75 kHz Dev) :  45 dB
DIN (1 kHz; 40 kHz Dev) :  45 dB
50 - 10,000 Hz
IHF (75 kHz Dev) :  35 dB
DIN (40 kHz Dev) :  35 dB
Frequency Response:
50 - 10,000 Hz :  ±0,5 dB
20 - 15,000 Hz :  ±1,5 dB
Sub-Carrier Supression:  60 dB
Muting Override Signal Level:  10 - 50 µV
Stereo Level:  10 - 50 µV
Antenna Impedance:  300 Ω (balanced), 75 Ω (unbalanced)
IF Out Level and Impedance:  400 mV / 1 k Ω
General
Semiconductors:  2 Ics, 2 MOS FET's, 98 Transistors, 10 FET's, 3LD's, 56 Diodes, 5 Zener Diodes
Power Source:  Ac 117 V 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption:  430 watts (Max), 250 watts (rated)
AC Outlets:  2 Switched (total 200 watts), 2 Unswitched (total 200 watts)
Dimensions (W x H x D):  510 x 174 x 335 mm (20" x 6 ¾" x 13 ¼")
Weight:  19 kg (41,8 lbs)


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